HIV/AIDS Drugs

The HIV/AIDS crisis: Intellectual Property and Access to Medicines

Page Index

CPTech Documents	UN Documents	US Government Documents	Government Documents from Other Nations
NGO Documents	Latin American Price Negotiations	Pharmacia - Delavirdine	Roche ARV Price Cut
AIDS Healthcare Foundation v. GSK	Indian Generic ARVs	Single-Pill Combination Therapy	Misc. Resources

CPTech Page on Second Generation Antiretrovirals

CPTech Page on the World Health Organization

Page on Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC) Antiretrovirals.

CPTech page on Kaletra.

CPTech Documents

April 6, 2005. Mike Palmedo. Questions on Intellectual Property and Access to Drugs for HIV/AIDS.
January 30, 2003. CPTech Statement on President's State of the Union Announcement.
July 8, 2002 James Love. Presentation at the 14th Annual AIDS Congerence, Barcelona. An Essential Health Care Patent Pool.
Comment on surveys of patents on Antiretroviral drugs in Africa. This is a response to the article by Amir Attaran and Lee Gillspie-White that was published in the October 17, 2001 edition of the Journal of the American Medical Association, Do Patents for Antiretroviral Drugs Constrain Access to AIDS Treatment in Africa?
CPT page on Patent Coverage of Antiretrovirals in Africa
CPT backgrounder on the development of fourteen FDA-approved HIV/AIDS drugs.
Additional notes on the US government role in the development of HIV/AIDS drugs.
Number of patients in HIV/AIDS drugs cited in NDA.
GDP per person living with HIV/AIDS. Sorted by thousands of dollars per person living with HIV/AIDS or sorted by country name. The amount of national income for each HIV/AIDS patient is a measure of the country's ability to pay for HIV/AIDS drugs.
October 23, 2001. Intellectual Property Protection and Prices of Antiretroviral Drugs.
February 24, 2000, statement at Senate hearing on Africa AIDS crisis
CPTech Pages on AIDS Conferences
Other Related CPTech Pages

UN Agency Documents

December, 2004. World Health Organization. "3 by 5" Progress report. This page contains the full report, press release, fact sheets, and other documents.
December, 2003. Joint report by UNAIDS and the World Health Organization. AIDS Epidemic Update.
January 8, 2003. Stephen Lewis, UN Secretary-General's Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa. Notes for Press Briefing to the UN.
December, 2002. UNAIDS Report. AIDS Epidemic Update.
December, 2002. UNAIDS report. NGO Toolkit - Mobilising NGOs, CBOs and PLHA groups for improving access to HIV/AIDS-related treatment.
2002, May. UNICEF, UNAIDS, the World Health Organization and Medicins Sans Frontiers. Sources and prices of selected drugs and diagnostics for people living with HIV/AIDS.
March 22, 2002. The World Health Organization, UNAIDS, and UNICEF publish a list of safe AIDS drugs and manufacturers. It includes both antiretrovirals and drugs for opportunistic infections; it also includes generics companies as well as patent-holding companies. WHO is still reviewing other drugs and manufacturers, so the list will grow longer as more inspections are completed. For more information, click here.
December 11, 2001. Press release. UN Efforts Broaden Availability of Antiretrovirals: "Accelerating Access" Initiative Moving Forward; 72 Countries Worldwide Express Interest.
October 4, 2001. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan with the leaders of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies. Joint Comminique on access to HIV/AIDS care and treatment.
June, 2001. UN Page on the General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS. Also see the CPT page on the UN, which includes more on the UNGASS.
May, 2001. UNAIDS, UNICEF, the World Health Organization and Medicins Sans Frontiers. Sources and prices of selected drugs and diagnostics for people living with HIV/AIDS - May 2001
April 23, 2001. World Health Organization and UNAIDS joint press release. HIV Causing Tuberculosis Cases To Double in Africa.
January 5, 2000, Pascal Boulet (UNAIDS), Jos Perriens (UNAIDS, and Francoise Renaud-Théry (WHO). Patent situation of HIV/AIDS related drugs in 80 countries. Here is the main Table from the report. This is a very useful report, but one should keep in mind the limitations of the report, and consider some other issues. As noted in the report, several countries are not included in the report. In some cases, companies may assert patent claims that are not reflected in the UNAIDS/WHO report, such as process or dose patents. There may be related issues such as pipeline protection or exclusive data or marketing rights, that may present barriers to generic products. Some countries require registration in countries like South Africa, which has a good registration system, so a patent in South Africa will have a broader impact. Also, over time, most of these countries will have new IP laws due to WTO TRIPS requirements, so the new generation of drugs will be more widely patented.

US Government Documents

January, 2005. US Government Accountability Office. Selection of Antiretroviral Medicines Provided Under U.S. Emergency Plan is Limited.
February, 2004. State Department. The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief: US Five-Year Global HIV/AIDS Strategy.
June 13, 2003. Letter from Senators Daschle, McCain and Kennedy to the GAO requesting a cost study of HIV/AIDS drugs.
September, 2002. CIA report. The Next Wave of HIV/AIDS: Nigeria, Ethiopia, Russia, India, and China.
Congressional Documents
- June 7, 2001. House Committe on International Relations hearings on USAID's Fight on AIDS. Se the Hearing Notice, as well as Chairman Hyde's Opening Statement, and testimony from Ambassador Mamadou Mansour Seck, Joseph Sills, Rupert Schofield, Charles Dokmo, Paul S. Zeitz, and Andrew Natsios
- March 7, 2001. Rep. Resentative Maxine Waters introduces The Affordable HIV/AIDS Medicines for Poor Countries Act (HR-933). This bill would urge the WTO to exempt developing countries from the application of provisions of the TRIPS that restrict access to medicines, make it illegal for the U.S. government to use the TRIPS agreement to challenge any developing country law or policy that promotes access to HIV/AIDS medicines, and prohibit any agency of the U.S. government from using federal funds to seek to repeal of IP laws in developin nations that promote the access of HIV/AIDS drugs there.
  - Text of HR-933.
  - Press release from Rep. Waters' office.
- February 24, 2000, Dr. Harvey Bale's (IFPMA) testimony on the Senate hearing on AIDS in Africa, (pdf version).
NIAID Documents
- February 1999, New Treatments for HIV Infection: Prolonging and Improving Life, NIAID contributions to the development of non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors to combat HIV-AIDS.
- February 1997, NIAID Factsheet: Clinical Trials for AIDS Therapies, briefly describing NIAID-supported clinical trials of AIDS drug therapies.

Other Government Documents

December 1, 2004. European Parliament. Resolution on World AIDS Day.
November 30, 2001. EC Commission on Trade. World AIDS Day: Lamy calls for more action on access to medicines after progress in Doha.
November 1, 2001. ACP EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly Compromise Resolution.
HIV/AIDS.
2000, July 11, The South African Department of Health, XIII International AIDS Conference, Position of the South African Government on Access to Pharmaceuticals
2000, June 27, FAR-MANGUINHOS, Ministry of Health Brazil, Table : HIV/AIDS drugs in Brazil
2002, May. Pan American Health Organization. Average prices of a one year treatment with antiretrovirals in countries of Latin America and the Caribbean.

NGO Documents

Health GAP Website
June 30, 2003. Letter from 65 NGOs to Leaders of the Branded Pharmaceutical Industry on the Pricing of Antiretrovirals in Non-OECD Countries.
Medecins Sans Frontieres
- March 28, 2006. As WHO and UNAIDS call for global treatment scale-up, MSF asks: 'Where will essential drugs come from?'
- November 30, 2004. Access to AIDS Care Increasing at Snail's Pace.
- April 19, 2004. Untangling the web of price reductions: a pricing guide for the purchase of ARVs for developing countries.
- March 3, 2004. Press release. Merck Breaks Promise to Reduce AIDS Drug Price in Developing Countries - MSF Calls for Immediate Action to Reduce Price and Register Efavirenz. (Also, see the Wall Street Journal story by Rachel Zimmerman on this.)
- February 16, 2004. Two Pills a Day Saving Lives: Fixed-Dose Combinations of Antiretroviral Drugs.
- April 29, 2003. MSF. Untangling the Web of Price Reductions: a Pricing Guide for the Purchase of ARVs for Developing Countries. (4th ed.)
- November, 2002. MSF asks Roche for lower prices for Nelfinavir (Viracept).
- May 24, 2002. Medicins Sans Frontieres press release. HIV/AIDS Drug Deal in Ukraine Promotes Multinationals, Ignores Cheaper Generics That Could Treat More People.
- December 1, 2001. Medicins Sans Frontiers. Time to Start Treatment: AIDS treatment is working in developing countries.
- 2000, August 5, MSF, Pierre Chirac, Tido von Schoen-Angerer, Toby Kasper, and Nathan Ford, AIDS: patent rights versus patient's rights
- 2000, July 7, MSF, Carmen Pérez-Casas et al., HIV/AIDS medicines pricing report. Setting objectives: is there a political will?
Pan-African HIV/AIDS Treatment Access Movement.
- August 28, 2002. Press release. Pan-African HIV/AIDS Treatment Access Movement (PHATAM) Launched.
- August 26, 2002. Declaration of Action.
Agua Buena Human Rights Association
- January 28, 2003. Richard Stern. $15,000,000 from the World Bank but no ARV access: Jamaican Bays, Beaches Offer No Safe Harbor for People with HIV/AIDS.
- January 7, 2002. Richard Stern. AIDS Treatment Access in Latin America: The Year in Review
- December 14, 2001. Agua Buena Human Rights Association. In Lima, People Living with HIV/AIDS Demand Treatment Access.
Oxfam
- July 11, 2003. The U.S. Must Stop Blocking Access to HIV/AIDS Drugs.
- July 8, 2003. Access to Medicines: AIDS and Africa.
Other NGO Documents
- July, 2004. Walden Bello for Focus on the Global South. Profits Over People.
- March 4, 2004. Health GAP Urgent Action. TELL MERCK: KEEP YOUR PROMISES: Merck's publicity ploy betrays people with AIDS in poor countries.
- February 7, 2002. Network of Medicines and Development. For a Framework for Action Improving Access to HIV/AIDS Care in Developing Countries.
- January, 2002. Anne-christine d’Adesky of the American Foundation for AIDS Research. Poor Countries Need Faster, Cheaper, Better HIV Monitoring.
- Nov./Dec. 2001. Bob Huff for GMHC Treatment Issues. Low Cost Diagnostics.
- October 9, 2001. Speech by Thanduxolo Doro, National Programme Manager of the National Association of People Living with HIV/AIDS Organise, Mobilise and Empower P.W.A.’S.
- September 10, 2001. Joint Latin American NGO statement. AIDS Activists Plan Demonstrations Across Central America.
- August 1, 2001. AFL-CIO Statement. HIV/AIDS.
- June 17, 2001. Letter to Director Peter Piot from Rubén Mayorga, Executive Director of the Organización de Apoyo a una Sexualidad Integral frente.
- 2000, June 26, Richard Laing, Comparative Prices of ARV Drugs Public and Private Sector
- 1996, Stephen LeBlanc, Rob Sabados and Don Howard, "The story of little orphan Oxandrolone"
- 1996, Stephen LeBlanc, Rob Sabados and Don Howard, "Your Money or Your Life: ACT UP's Survey of Unconscionable AIDS Drug Pricing."

Latin American Price Negotiations - June, 2003

June 12, 2003. Pan-American Health Organization. New Negotiations Lower Prices of HIV Drugs in 10 Countries of the Americas.
June 7, 2003. Statement from Bill Haddad, Chairman/CEO, Biogenerics, on Latin American Antiretroviral Price Cut.
June 9, 2003. Statement from Francisco A. Rossi, Advisor, Ministerio de Proteccion Social, Colombia. Historical ARV negotiations of 10 Latin American countries.
News Stories
- June 13, 2003. UN News Center. PAHO lauds 10 Latin America countries for negotiating discounts for HIV drugs.

Pharmacia Offers Voluntary License for Delavirdine, Pfizer Squelches Deal

On January 24, 2003 Pharmacia offered to issue voluntary, non-exclusive licenses to the patent rights to its antiretroviral drug delavirdine (sold as Rescriptor in the US) to generic firms. According to the Pharmacia press release, the offer applies to "countries with a per capita Gross National Income of less than $1,200 or an HIV infection rate of more than 1 percent." A five percent royalty would apply to all generic sales. Delavirdine is not frequently used in HAART regimes.

Pfizer acquired Rescriptor in April through its purchase of Pharmacia. In November it announced it was pulling out of the deal.

January 24, 2003. CPTech Statement on Pharmacia Voluntary License for Delavirdine.
December 15, 2003. Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility. Religious Investors Tell Pfizer: Honor the Agreement to Get AIDS Drug Rescriptor to Poor.
January 24, 2003. Pharmacia press release. Pharmacia to Launch Pilot Program For Expanding Access to Needed Medicines in World’s Poorest Countries.
January 24, 2003. Oxfam welcomes Pharmacia's decision to issue a non-exclusive voluntary licence for its antiretroviral, delavirdine.
January 24, 2003. World Health Organization. Scaling Up Treatment for HIV/AIDS.
January 24, 2003. National AIDS Treatment Advocacy Project. Delavirdine Generics Deal in Works.
News stories
- November 12, 2003. Scott Hensley for the Wall Street Journal. Pfizer Makes Aid Pledge, Breaks Pact on AIDS Drug.
- November 12, 2003. Kaiser Daily HIV/AIDS Report. Pfizer Antiretroviral Drug Licensing Deal for Developing Countries Falls Through.
- January 24, 2003. Warren Giles for Bloomberg News. Pharmacia to Hand HIV Drug Patent to Poorest Nations.
- January 24, 2003. Paul Geitner for the Associated Press. Pharmacia Tries New Approach on AIDS Drug.
- January 24, 2003. Ben Hirschler for Reuters. Pharmacia Works to Get AIDS Drug to Poor.
- January 24, 2003. Bloomberg News. Pharmacia to Share Patents to Aid Poor Countries.
- January 24, 2003. Julian Meldrum for AIDSMap.com. Pharmacia offers delavirdine to generic producers for global access.
- January 24 2003. Emma Jane Kirby for the BBC. Drug Company Launches AIDS Program.

Roche Price Reductions for Nelfinavir and Saquinavir

On February 13, 2003, Roche announced price cuts for two protease inhibitors. Effective March 1, the price per pack of 270 (250mg) tablets of Viracept will be 300 CHF (220.25 USD) in "Low income countries and Lower middle income countries - as classified by The World Bank," and it will be 90.90 CHF (66.74 USD)in "All countries in sub-Saharan Africa and all UN defined Least Developed Countries." The price of 270 (200mg) tablets of Invirase will be 300 CHF (220.25 USD) in the low and middle income countries and 95.40 CHF (70.04 USD) in sub-Saharan Africa & LDCs. (US Dollar amounts are based on the Feb 14 exchange rate of 0.7342.) For information over the pricing deal Roche reached (under threat of a compulsory license) with Brazil, see the CPTech Page on Brazil.

Statements
- February 13, 2003. Roche press release. Roche updates pricing policy for protease Inhibitor AIDS Drugs within Accelerating Access Initiative.
- February 13, 2003. Medecins Sans Frontieres statement. Bowing to pressure, Roche cuts its price for AIDS drug nelfinavir.
News Stories
- February 13, 2003. Reuters. Roche Cuts AIDS Drug Price Following Protests.
- February 13, 2003. Associated Press. Roche Cuts Prices of AIDS Drug to Nations.
- February 13, 2003. Agence France Presse. Roche to cut price on Aids drugs.

AIDS Healthcare Foundation's Lawsuit Against GlaxoSmithKline

July 1, 2002. The AIDS Healthcare Foundation sues GlaxoSmithKline, claiming that some of its patents for antiretrovirals are invalid, and that the cost of AZT, 3TC and Ziagen "exorbitantly exceed its costs of licensing, manufacturing and distributing."

Text of the Antitrust Complaint.
AIDS Healthcare Foundation Press Releases
- May 3, 2004. GSK Loses Another Key Round in AIDS Healthcare Foundation's AZT Patent Piracy Case.
- December 25, 2002. AZT Scientists Join GSK Patent Challenge.
- July 1, 2002. AIDS Healthcare Foundation Sues Glaxo for Antitrust.
February 11, 2004. California Attorney General's Office. Attorney General Lockyer Files Brief Supporting AIDS Healthcare Foundation in AZT Patent Case
GSK Press Releases
- February 13, 2004. GlaxoSmithKline Reaffirms Its Position Against a Frivolous Lawsuit Sponsored By the AIDS Healthcare Foundation.
- March 10, 2003. California Court Dismisses AIDS Healthcare Foundation Lawsuit.
- July 1, 2002. GlaxoSmithKline Statement in Response to the Litigation.
News Stories
- April 28, 2003. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Lawsuit dropped after AIDS drugs price cut.
- March 13, 2003. Gfn.com news. Judge Dismisses AZT Patent Challenge to GlaxoSmithKline.
- January 28, 2003. Reuters. GlaxoSmithKline faces legal complaint.
- January 28, 2003. Tamar Kahn for Business Day. Complaint against Glaxo in South Africa.
- July 1, 2002. Guatam Naik for the Wall Street Journal. Glaxo Faces U.S. Lawsuit Over AIDS-Drug Pricing.
- July 1, 2002. Theresa Agovino for the Associated Press. AIDS Organization Sues Glaxo.
- July 1, 2002. Reuters. AIDS Group Sues GlaxoSmithKline.

Indian Generic Antiretrovirals

Related: CPTech Page on Fixed-Dose Combination ARVs

May 4, 2004. Donald McNeil for the New York Times. Made in India, the Ideal `Cocktail' for AIDS.
February 4, 2003. Ranbaxy press release. Ranbaxy Launches Next Generation Anti-Retroviral for the First Time In India.
On March 7, 2001, Indian pharmaceutical manufacturer CIPLA formally requested the South African Department of Trade and Industry to issue compulsory licenses to patents on the following HIV drugs: nevirapine, lamivudine, zidovudine, stavudine, didanosine, efavirenz, indinavir and abacavir.
On December 19, 2000 CIPLA requested voluntary licenses for six HIV/AIDS drugs (lamivudine, zidovudine, fluconazole, stavudine, didanosine, nevirapine) from the companies that currently claim IP rights over them. In February, BMS and Pfizer contacted CIPLA with the message that they'd need more time to come up with a formal response.
- December 19, 2000 Letter from CIPLA to GlaxoWellcome.
- December 19, 2000 Letter from CIPLA to Pfizer.
- December 19, 2000 Letter from CIPLA to Bristol-Myers Squibb.
- December 19, 2000 Letter from CIPLA to Boehringer Ingelheim.

Single-Pill Combination Therapy

Related: CPTech Page on Fixed-Dose Combination ARVs
May 4, 2004. Donald McNeil for the New York Times. Made in India, the Ideal `Cocktail' for AIDS.
July 10, 2002. Bristol-Myers Squibb annouces that it has 3-in-1 combination pill. The pill contains ddI, 3TC and efavirenz (3TC is patented by GlaxoSmithKline, not BMS) in a single, once-a day pill. See their release: Once-Daily HIV Medications Pave Way for Simplified Combination Drug Regimens: New Formulations May Help Patients Adhere to Medication Schedule.
March 21, 2002. The government of Thailand announces its plan to produce a low-priced, comination-therapy antiretroviaral drug. Called GPO-Vir, the pill is a "3-in-1" drug containing stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine, and it is meant to be taken twice a day. It will be produced by the Government Pharmaceutical Organization, and it will seel for 20 bhat per pill (at the March 21, 2002 exchange rate of 0.023, this equals USD 0.46). A one-month supply will cost 1,200 bhat, or USD 27.66.
- March 22, 2002. Anjira Assavanonda for the Financial Times. Cocktail Drug on Sale Next Month.
- March 22, 2002. Agence France Presse. Thailand to launch dollar-a-day anti-AIDS cocktail.
- March 21, 2002. BBC. Thailand offers cheaper Aids treatment.
- March 21, 2002. Busaba Sivasomboon for the Associated Press. Thailand produces AIDS cocktail to sell them cheaply.

Misc. Resources

Developing-World-Bioethics.com.
AIDS Treatment Activists Coalition.
AffordCD4.com. This group aims to cut the cost of CD4 testing in developing countries.
Antiretroviral Treatments Currently Available and Under Investigation. Chart compiled by the HIV Pharmacotherapy Network.
National Institutes of Health site linking to a number of federal programs involved in AIDS research.
List of FDA-approved anti-HIV drugs from hivandhepatitus.com.
HIV-Druginteractions.org Site with infomation on drug interactions.
February 24, 2005. Mark Wainberg in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Generic HIV Drugs — Enlightened Policy for Global Health.
February 10, 2004. Richard Stern for the Agua Buena Human Rights Association. AIDS Activists Blast Roche's 'Pay or Die' Policy.
February 5, 2004. Excerpt of Q&A with Tommy Thompson at an American Enterprise Institute where he defends protecting IP on antiretrovirals in South America.
January 15, 2004. Clinton Foundation press release. Clinton Foundation Announces Landmark Agreement On Major Reduction In Price Of HIV/AIDS Lab Tests.
May 24, 2002. Zimbabwe declares a state of emergency in order to override antiretroviral drug patents. Medicins Sans Frontieres estimates that this action will lower the price of first-line tripple therapies from US$1,168 to 412. For more info on this development, see the CPTech page on Zimbabwe.
March, 2002. Dr. Brian Boyle for hivandhepatitis.com. Small Study Confirms Potent Once-Daily Regimen.
January 26, 2002. British Medical Journal Special Issue on HIV/AIDS.
December 1, 2001. Meeting on Access to Care for People Living with VIH/SIDA. Declaration for a Framework for Action: Improving Access to HIV/AIDS Care in Developing Countries.
May 9, 2001. Pharmaceutical Online. HIV and protease inhibitors: Are there new opportunities at second line and beyond?
April, 2001. Pressure is growing on the University of Minnesota, which holds IP rights on the antiretroviral drug Abacavir, to support generic production of the drug for distribution in poor countries. See the CPT page on the University of Minnesota and IP rights to Abacavir.
Sponsorship of clinical trials involving 3TC, compiled from the AIDS Clinical Trial Information Service (ACTIS) database.

News Stories, General

March, 2006. Series of reports from BBC radio. The Quest for a Cure.

February 18, 2003. Series of reports from the Guardian on lack of access to AIDS drugs. Saving Grace.
November 11, 2005. John Zarocostas for the British Medical Journal. WHO official warns of crisis in supply of low cost AIDS drugs.
June 20, 2005. John Donnelly for the Boston Globe. AIDS drugs hit roadblock in Africa - Dispute over generics stalls treatment efforts.
March 2, 2005. Anna Willard for Reuters. US Says Expects to Approve More Generic AIDS Drugs.
October 29, 2004. Sarah Lueck for the Wall Street Journal. U.S. Pays High Prices For Global AIDS Drugs, Study Says.
September 15, 2004. Associated Press. WHO Eyes Progress in Providing AIDS Drugs.
July 1, 2004. Gautam Naik, Mark Schoofs and Sarah Lueck for the Wall Street Journal. In AIDS Fight, Ambitious Goals Meet Hard Realities.
May 4, 2004. Donald McNeil for the New York Times. Made in India, the Ideal `Cocktail' for AIDS.
April 13, 2004. Orla Ryan for the Kampala Monitor. HIV/Aids Drug Makers Fight for Poor Pockets.
April 8, 2004. Andrew Quinn for Reuters. Merck Grants South Africa License for Generic Efavirenz.
April 8, 2004. Tamar Kahn for Business Day. Merck Gives SA Firm Rights to Key AIDS Drug.
March 17, 2004. Dara Colwell for Alternet.org. Brand-Name Price Gouging.
February 11, 2004. Donald McNeil for the New York Times. Romania Declares Victory in Fight Against AIDS.
October 31, 2003. Helen Pearson in Nature. Dried blood spots could track developing world treatment success.
July 16, 2003. Ben Hirschler for Reuters. U.S. says ready to use generic drugs in AIDS fight.
February 18, 2003. Sarah Bosely for the Guardian. Harvey Bale Jnr, drug firms' federation.
December 2, 2002. Sebastian Mallaby for the Washington Post. An AIDS Policy That Would Add Up.
Financial Times Page on "Patients v. Profits." Contains a number of stories on AIDS medicine access.
September 16, 2002. Martin Fackler for the Associated Press. China approves generic anti-AIDS drug. This story is about the approval of a powder form of ddI. Domestice producers have already gained government approval to produce generic AZT (which is off-patent in China).
June 16, 2002. John Donnelly for the Boston Globe. World's AIDS crisis worsening, report says.
March 27, 2002. Column by Jeff Sachs and Sonia Ehrlich Sachs in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinal. AIDS overwhelms Africa, tests U.S. national morality.
March 5, 2002. Bernard Pecoul (MSF) letter to the editor of the Wall Street Journal. Response to "The Boys from Brazil" by R. Tren, WSJ Europe, Feb 25.
March 2, 2002. Dan Rather column printed in the Houston Chronicle. Why do we sleep as AIDS epidemic continues?
Febraury 25, 2002. Richard Tren for the Wall Street Journal's Europe edition. The Boys from Brazil.
January 7, 2002. Salih Booker for the Nation. AIDS: Another World War.
December 28, 2001. Editorial in the Los Angeles Times. Global Insecurity and AIDS.
December 20, 2001. Geeta Anand for the Wall Street Journal. Owners of Key Patent Hold Up Availability of Rapid HIV Test.
December 19, 2001. Sarah Boseley for the Guardian. The HIV crusader who asks people to put love to work.
December 9, 2001. Tina Rosenberg for the New York Times. Global Antiretroviralism.
December 7, 2001. Salih Booker (Director of Africa Action) in the Seattle Post-Intelligence. AIDS pandemic threatens planet.
December 6, 2001. Howard Hiatt for the New York Times (op-ed). Learn from Haiti.
November 29, 2001. Column by Kofi Annan in the Washington Post. No Letting Up on AIDS.
November 2, 2001. Vermont Rutland Herald. Now is no time to ignore catastrophe of AIDS.
October 31, 2001. Keith Alcorn, interview with Andrew Hill for AIDS Map. HAART for $125 a year: how can it be done?
September 12, 2001. Shasta Darlington for Reuters. Doctors Group to Export Brazil AIDS Program.
September 10, 2001. Michael Greer for NewRx.com. Once-Daily Antiretroviral Regimen Safe, Effective.
August 13, 2001. Reuters. Central America Teams Up to Buy AIDS Drugs.
August 7, 2001. Jessie Pesta and Mark Schoofs for the Wall Street Journal. Field Tests of Generic AIDS Drugs In Africa, India May Impact Millions.
August 5, 2001. Reuters. Ethiopians March for Cheap Generic AIDS Drugs.
August 3, 2001. Sarah Bosley for the Guardian. Caution Abou HIV Drugs "Misplaced."
June 7, 2001. Bob Herbert Op-Ed in the New York Times. Turn Dispair to Hope.
April 27, 2001. Associated Press. African Leaders Back Less Costly AIDS Drugs,More Spending.
April 27, 2001. C. Celestine in the Star. Way open for cheaper HIV drugs.
April 24, 2001. Melody Petersen in the New York Times. Lifting the Curtain on the Real Costs of Making AIDS Drugs.
April 23, 2001. Karen DeYoung for the Washington Post. Global AIDS Strategy May Prove Elusive.
April 10, 2001. John McLaughlin for the TheStandard.com. Bad Medicine for Big Pharma.
August 22, 2000, Rachel L. Swarns, in the New York Times, Loans to Buy AIDS Drugs Are Rejected by Africans
July 21, 2000, Ellen t'Hoen, in the Financial Times, Opinion: industry and institutions failing AIDS victims
July 19, 2000, Joseph Kahn, in the New York Times, U.S. Offers Africa Billions to Fight AID
July 9, 2000, Donald G. McNeil Jr., in the New York Times, As Devastating Epidemics Increase, Nations Take On Drug Companies
July 2, 2000, Donald G. McNeil Jr., in the New York Times, Writing the Bill for Global AIDS
May 12, 2000, Donald G. McNeil Jr., in the New York Times, Companies to Cut Cost of AIDS Drugs for Poor Nations
May 11, 2000, BBC Online, New hope in Aids fight.
May 11, 2000, BBC Online, UN welcomes Aids drugs deal.
May 11, 2000, Mark Sandalow, in the San Francisco Chronicle, Defiant Clinton Approves Cheaper AIDS Drugs for Africa.
May 10, 2000, Lakshmi Chaudhry in Wired, About-Face on Africa AIDS Drugs.

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