USPTO public forum on WIPO Broadcast/netcasting treaty

by James Packard Love

On September 5, 2006, the USPTO is holding a public roundtable discussion concerning the work at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in the Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights (SCCR) on a proposed Treaty On the Protection of the Rights of Broadcasting Organizations. (See Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 159 / Thursday, August 17, 2006 / Notices 47489)

Below is are the instructions to the participants, and a list of speakers. Jamie

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30 Aug 06

Dear Roundtable Attendees:

I attach a list of all (SEPT 5, 2006) roundtable attendees. The roundtable will center on the three topics described below. Attendees may give their views on one or more of these topics in a clear and concise manner to allow for the most participation:

(1) For those parties who are proponents of this treaty, please explain to the group the reasons for the treaty and the positive and negatives of the treaty proposal being discussed in WIPO.

(2) For those who are opposed to or concerned about this treaty, please explain to the group what form of protection they would be willing to support, if any, for broadcasters, cablecasters, satellite casters and netcasters.

(3) Please give us your views on the definitions related to "netcasting" that were identified in the Federal Register notice.

I look forward to seeing everyone on Tuesday!

Ann Chaitovitz
Attorney-Advisor
Office of International Relations
US Patent and Trademark Office
ph (571) 272-7476
fax(571) 273-7476

Participants
Ben Ivins, Senior Associate General Counsel, Legal & Regulatory Affairs, National Association of Broadcasters
Bradley Silver, Counsel, Intellectual Property, Time Warner, Inc.
Chris Boam, Director, International Public Policy & Regulatory Affairs, Verizon Communications, Inc
Christopher Veith, General Counsel Office, Broadcasting Board of Governors
Cynthia Banicki, Network Librarian, Patent & Trademark Depository Library Program
David Fares, V.P., E-commerce Policy, News Corporation
Douglas Newcomb, CAE Chief Policy Officer, Special Libraries Association
Dr. Manon Ress, Consumer Project of Technology
Erica Redler, North American Broadcasters Association
Fritz Attaway, Motion Picture Association of America
Gigi B. Sohn, Public Knowledge
Gwen Hinze, International Affairs Director, Electronic Frontier Foundation
James Love, Consumer Project of Technology
James M. Burger, Dow, Lohnes, PLLC
Jamie Hedlund, Director, Communications Policy, Yahoo! Inc.
Jan S. McNutt, General Counsel Office, Broadcasting Board of Governors
Jeff Lawrence, Director of Content Policy, Intel Corporation
Jonathan Band, PLLC Technology Law and Policy, Library Copyright Alliance, outside counsel
Jonathan Potter, Executive Director, Digital Media Association
Joyce Namde, International Relations Officer, State Department
Kasey Sax, General Counsel Office, Broadcasting Board of Governors
Kevin G. Rupy, Director, Policy Development, USTelecom
Lee Knife, General Counsel, Digital Media Association
Marilyn Cade, At&t
Matt Schruers, Senior Counsel for Litigation & Legislative Affairs, Computer & Communications Industry Association
Michael Petricone, Senior Vice President, Government Affairs, Consumer Electronics Association
Mike Godwin, Research Fellow at Yale, Information Society Project at Yale University
Nancy E. Weiss, General Counsel, Institute of Museum and Library Services
Neil Turkewitz, Executive VP, International, Recording Industry Association of America
Philip R. Hochberg, Professional and Collegiate Sports Organizations
Robert M. Watts, Deputy Director, State Department
Ryan Triplette, Counsel, Senate Committee on the Judiciary
Sarah B Deutsch, Vice President and Associate Counsel , Verizon Communications, Inc
Scott Martin, Executive Vice President, Intellectual Property, Paramount Pictures, Viacom
Sean P. Murphy, Vice President and Counsel, International Government Affairs, QUALCOMM Inc
Sebastian Wright, International Trade Administration, US Department of Commerce
Seth Greenstein, Counsel, Digital Media Association
Sherry Ramsey, AT&T
Stephen L. Noe, Deputy Executive Director, American Intellectual Property Law Association
Terrie Bjorklund, Associate General Counsel/Copyright and Intellectual Property, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA)

US government proposes sweeping new IPR rules for Internet

by James Packard Love

Here is the new US submission on the "webcasting" issue, which the US now wants to rename as "netcasting." The US does not offer a restrictive definition of what would be protected. It is broad. It offers a contradictory statement at the end. On the one hand, it claims they only want protection for signal piracy -- an approach that would not create a new intellectual property layer for transmitting information on the Internet. On the other hand, the US says: "the United States continues to believe that the protection for netcasting should be the same as that provided for traditional broadcasters and cablecasters." Anyone who actually knows anything about the negotiations on this topic knows that with 83 countries having already signed the Rome Convention (which the US never signed, and does not follow), and with the European Commission deeply dug in on this issue, any new treaty for traditional broadcasting is expected to expand upon the rights of the Rome convention. The US government will have to decided, which of these two positions will be more important? To protect "netcasting" the same as broadcasting (in Europe), or to only protect netcasting from piracy? It appears as if AT&T has pretty much steered the US government back into the backing of "parity" between traditional broadcasting and netcasting, which will be a disaster for the Internet, if this approach is successful.

Completely ignored were any of our recommendations regarding the definitions of protected content.

Here is the US submission:

SUBMISSION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE
WIPO STANDING COMMITTEE ON COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS

The United States is pleased to make this submission of proposed definitions to cover broadcasting-like activities over computer networks, together with an Explanatory Memorandum. This is the third submission the United States has made to the Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights on the protection of the rights of broadcasting, cablecasting and webcasting organizations. In October 2002, the United States submitted its first proposal to this Committee (SCCR/8/7, October 21, 2002) which set forth the initial position of the United States on this issue. In June 2003, based on discussions within the prior Standing Committee meetings, the United States submitted a revised proposal (SCCR/9/4 Rev., May 1, 2003). Both of the proposals submitted by the United States have been widely discussed during subsequent meetings of the Standing Committee. During the Fourteenth Session of the Standing Committee in May 2006, the Chair requested new proposals on the issue of “webcasting” to be submitted by August 1, 2006. Since the May Standing Committee meeting, in response to concerns and questions raised at prior meetings and after further consideration of the issues and discussions with interested parties, we have amended our proposal to clarify the meaning and scope of the protection for organizations which transmit signals over computer networks in the same manner as broadcasters and cablecasters. We hope these changes stimulate further discussion and facilitate achieving a broader agreement on the objectives to be attained.

United States of America
Submission to the World Intellectual Property Organization
Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights

August 1, 2006

(a) “netcasting” means the transmission by wire or wireless means over a computer network, such as through Internet protocol or any successor protocol, for simultaneous or near-simultaneous reception by members of the public, at a time determined solely by the netcasting organization, of sounds or of images or of images and sounds or of the representation thereof,

(1) that are of a program or programs consisting of pre-recorded, scheduled audio, visual or audiovisual content of the type that can be carried by the program-carrying signal of a broadcast or cablecast; or

(2) that are of an organized live event transmitted concurrently where the organizer of such event has granted permission to transmit the event; or

(3) that are also being cablecast or broadcast at the same time.
If encrypted, such transmissions shall be considered netcasting where the means for decrypting are provided to the public by the netcasting organization or with its consent.

(b) “netcasting organization” means the legal entity that takes the initiative and has the responsibility for the assembly and scheduling of the content of netcasts.

Agreed statement concerning these definitions: The scope of the definition of “netcasting” is intended to be limited to transmissions over computer networks carrying programs consisting of audio, visual or audio-visual content or representations thereof which are of the type that can be, but are not necessarily, carried by the program carrying signal of a broadcast or cablecast, and which are delivered to the public in a format similar to broadcasting or cablecasting. By its terms, “netcasting” does not include merely providing access to audio or video content that is not pre-recorded for purposes of transmission via broadcast, cablecast or netcast.

Explanatory Note of Proposed Definitions

In response to the request from the Chair of the 14th Session of the Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights, the United States submits these proposed definitions to clarify the scope of the protection for organizations which transmit signals over computer networks in the same manner as broadcasters and cablecasters. In proposing that the treaty cover “webcasting,” the United States has never intended that protection be afforded to the ordinary use of the Internet or World Wide Web, such as through e-mail, blogs, websites and the like. We intended only to cover programming and signals which are like traditional broadcasting and cablecasting, i.e. simultaneous transmission of scheduled programming for reception by the public. The proposed definitions are intended to make that narrow scope more clear.

The proposed definitions use a new term, “netcasting,” to describe computer-based transmission of signals. This is intended to avoid confusion with the old term “webcasting,” which unnecessarily implied that ordinary activity on the World Wide Web would be covered by the definition. The substance of the definition modifies the definition in the current draft proposal by drawing from the definition of broadcasting over the Internet as used in United Kingdom law protecting broadcasting organizations.

With respect to the scope of protection and other provisions applicable to netcasting, the United States continues to believe that the protection for netcasting should be the same as that provided for traditional broadcasters and cablecasters, and that any such protection should be only what is necessary to protect against signal piracy. To that end, we look forward to discussion of the appropriate level of protection for netcasting with the benefit of the discussions from the next meeting of the Standing Committee that addresses traditional broadcasters.